准备

源码包：
/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5.tar.gz

源码目录：
/service/nginx/src/nginx-1.30.5/

安装目录：
/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5/

在 Debian 13 上除了基础编译工具，还需要 OpenSSL、PCRE2、zlib、GD、Perl 等开发库。

apt update && apt install -y \
    build-essential \
    ca-certificates \
    libpcre2-dev \
    zlib1g-dev \
    libssl-dev \
    libgd-dev \
    libperl-dev \
    perl

创建专用 nginx 用户

groupadd --system nginx 2>/dev/null || true

useradd --system \
    --gid nginx \
    --no-create-home \
    --shell /usr/sbin/nologin \
    nginx 2>/dev/null || true

清理之前的源码并解压源码

rm -rf /service/nginx/src/nginx-1.30.5
rm -rf /service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5

mkdir -p /service/nginx/src

tar -xzf /service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5.tar.gz \
    -C /service/nginx/src

编译安装

cd /service/nginx/src/nginx-1.30.5

make clean 2>/dev/null || true

./configure \
    --prefix=/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5 \
    --user=nginx \
    --group=nginx \
    --pid-path=/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5/nginx.pid \
    --with-compat \
    --with-file-aio \
    --with-threads \
    --with-pcre \
    --with-http_addition_module \
    --with-http_auth_request_module \
    --with-http_dav_module \
    --with-http_flv_module \
    --with-http_gunzip_module \
    --with-http_gzip_static_module \
    --with-http_image_filter_module \
    --with-http_mp4_module \
    --with-http_perl_module \
    --with-http_random_index_module \
    --with-http_realip_module \
    --with-http_secure_link_module \
    --with-http_slice_module \
    --with-http_ssl_module \
    --with-http_stub_status_module \
    --with-http_sub_module \
    --with-http_v2_module \
    --with-stream \
    --with-stream_ssl_module \
    --with-stream_ssl_preread_module \
    --with-cc-opt='-O2 -pipe -march=native -mtune=native -fstack-protector-strong -fPIC' \
    --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now'

make -j"$(nproc)"
make install

/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5/sbin/nginx -V
/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5/sbin/nginx -t

如果是简单的反向代理服务器，可以这样编译：

cd /service/nginx/src/nginx-1.30.5

./configure \
    --prefix=/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5 \
    --user=nginx \
    --group=nginx \
    --pid-path=/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5/nginx.pid \
    --with-compat \
    --with-file-aio \
    --with-threads \
    --with-pcre \
    --with-http_auth_request_module \
    --with-http_gunzip_module \
    --with-http_gzip_static_module \
    --with-http_realip_module \
    --with-http_secure_link_module \
    --with-http_slice_module \
    --with-http_ssl_module \
    --with-http_stub_status_module \
    --with-http_v2_module \
    --with-stream \
    --with-stream_ssl_module \
    --with-stream_ssl_preread_module \
    --with-cc-opt='-O2 -pipe -march=native -mtune=native -fstack-protector-strong -fPIC' \
    --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now'

make -j"$(nproc)"
make install

正常的话目录应该是：

/service/nginx/
├── nginx-1.30.5.tar.gz
├── src/
│   └── nginx-1.30.5/
│       ├── auto/
│       ├── conf/
│       ├── src/
│       ├── objs/
│       └── ...
└── nginx-1.30.5/
    ├── conf/
    │   └── nginx.conf
    ├── html/
    ├── logs/
    └── sbin/
        └── nginx

单元文件：

cat >/etc/systemd/system/nginx.service <<'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
Documentation=https://nginx.org/en/docs/
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking

PIDFile=/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5/nginx.pid

ExecStartPre=/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5/sbin/nginx -t -c /service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStart=/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5/sbin/nginx -c /service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/service/nginx/nginx-1.30.5/sbin/nginx -s quit

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=3

LimitNOFILE=65535
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now nginx
systemctl status nginx

systemctl status nginx --no-pager -l
journalctl -u nginx -n 100 --no-pager

systemctl start nginx
systemctl stop nginx
systemctl restart nginx
systemctl reload nginx
systemctl status nginx